Hepatobiliary Apparatus: Gross Anatomy of Liver and Gallbladder


Hepatobiliary System

Liver

The liver is the largest of the abdominal viscera and occupies a substantial portion of the upper abdominal cavity. It is an essential organ that performs a wide range of metabolic activities required for homeostasis, nutrition and immunity. It is mainly composed of epithelial cells (hepatocytes) originating from the endoderm of primitive foregut. These cells are bathed in blood derived from the hepatic portal veins and hepatic arteries, thereby facilitating continuous chemical exchange between the cells and the blood. Hepatocytes are also associated with an extensive system of minute canals, which form the biliary system into which products are secreted. 

STEPS IN GENETIC COUNSELING: BRIEF OUTLINE


Definition:
Genetic counseling is a process of communication and education that addresses concerns relating to the development and/ or transmission of a hereditary/genetic disorder.


The purpose of genetic counseling is to enable a consultand (person who seeks counseling) to understand:
–The medical diagnosis and its implications in terms of prognosis and possible treatment
–The mode of inheritance of the disorder and the risk of developing and/ or transmitting it
–The choices or options available for dealing with the risks